Envision Legacy and synergies

The mission builds on the success of missions including

• NASA Mariner 2 mission (1962)
• The Soviet Union Venera Programme (1961-1984);
• NASA’s Pioneer Venus missions (1978-1992);
• The Soviet Union Vega Programme (1984);
• NASA’s Magellan Orbiter (1989-1994);
• ESA’s Venus Express (2005-2014) (see also ESA Cosmos Venus Express pages and Venus Express images);
• JAXA’s Venus Climate Orbiter Akatsuki mission (2015 - 2025).

For summaries of these missions and their scientific achievements, see ‘Past missions to Venus’.

EnVision will, furthermore, work in synergy with NASA’s forthcoming

• VERITAS  mission - Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy (JPL pages) and
• DAVINCI (Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging) mission

to provide the most comprehensive study of Venus ever.

ESA's Venus Express mission, operating at Venus between 2005 and 2014. Copyright: European Space Agency.